Blacksacademy
Sociology
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Subject: Stratification and Diversification
Title : Social Inequality
I - Social stratificationSocial inequality can be analysed in terms of three factors:
1. Power, which means the extent to which one individual or group can impose their will over another individual or group without that individual or group’s consent.
2. Prestige, which means the extent to which individuals or groups are esteemed, honoured or respected by the rest of society.
3. Wealth, which means the extent of an individual or group’s possessions, including land, property, commodities, cash, bank deposits, shares, stocks, bonds and any other form of security.
Marxists believe that power and prestige are dependent on wealth, so effectively the only prime form of social inequality is wealth. However, others disagree.
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Subject: Stratification and Diversification
Title : Class Structure in Western Societies
I - How many classes are there?It is usual to draw a distinction between the working class and the middle class. From a Marxist perspective both belong to the proletariat as a whole. Usually, the working classes are regarded as undertaking manual jobs, and the middle-classes as undertaking non-manual jobs. The working classes are further sub-divided into unskilled, semiskilled and skilled manual workers.
The middle classes are sub-divided into routine nonmanual labour, such as clerical and secretarial work, intermediate non-manual labour, such as teachers and nurses, and professionals, such as doctors, lawyers, accountants and senior managers. Owing to deindustrialisation, there has been a general shift in the proportion of those working in manual jobs to those working in non-manual jobs.
There are also gender differences to consider – women are less likely to have manual jobs than men, but they are more likely to have jobs belonging to the lower grades of the nonmanual spectrum – that is, have routine non-manual jobs, or occupy the lower grades of intermediate non-manual labour, such as nursing.
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